Bayanin Masana'antu Na Duniya

A cewar wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan an kiyasta masana'antar masaka ta duniya kusan dala biliyan 920, kuma za ta kai kusan dala biliyan 1,230 nan da shekarar 2024.

Masana'antar masaku ta samo asali sosai tun lokacin da aka kirkira gin auduga a karni na 18.Wannan darasi yana zayyana abubuwan da suka faru na kwanan baya a duk faɗin duniya kuma yana bincika ci gaban masana'antar.Yadi samfurori ne da aka yi daga fiber, filaments, yarn, ko zare, kuma suna iya zama na fasaha ko na al'ada dangane da amfani da su.An ƙera kayan masarufi don takamaiman aiki.Misalai sun haɗa da tace mai ko diaper.Ana yin kayan yadi na al'ada don ado da farko, amma kuma yana iya zama da amfani.Misalai sun haɗa da jaket da takalma.

Masana'antar masaka babbar kasuwa ce ta duniya wacce ta shafi kowace kasa a duniya kai tsaye ko a kaikaice.Misali, mutanen da ke sayar da auduga sun kara farashi a karshen shekarun 2000 saboda matsalar amfanin gona amma sai suka kare saboda ana sayar da shi cikin sauri.Haɓakar farashin da ƙarancin ya bayyana a farashin kayan masarufi na samfuran da ke ɗauke da auduga, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwar tallace-tallace.Wannan babban misali ne na yadda kowane ɗan wasa a cikin masana'antar zai iya shafar wasu.Abin sha'awa shine, abubuwan da ke faruwa da haɓaka suna bin wannan ka'ida kuma.

Ta fuskar duniya, masana'antar masaka kasuwa ce mai tasowa, tare da manyan masu fafatawa tsakanin Sin, Tarayyar Turai, Amurka, da Indiya.

Kasar Sin: Jagorar Mai samarwa da Fitarwa a Duniya

Kasar Sin ita ce kan gaba a duniya wajen samarwa da fitar da danyen yadi da tufafi.Kuma ko da yake kasar Sin tana fitar da karancin tufafi da karin masaku zuwa duniya sakamakon barkewar cutar sankarau, kasar ta rike matsayinta na kan gaba wajen samarwa da fitar da kayayyaki.Bisa kididdigar da WTO ta yi, an ce, kasuwar kasar Sin a kasuwar duniya ta fadi daga kololuwarta na 38.8% a shekarar 2014 zuwa kasa da kashi 30.8% a shekarar 2019 (ya kai kashi 31.3% a shekarar 2018), a cewar WTO.A halin da ake ciki, kasar Sin ta kai kashi 39.2% na kayayyakin da ake fitarwa a duniya a shekarar 2019, wanda ya kasance wani sabon tarihi.Yana da mahimmanci a gane cewa kasar Sin tana kara taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin mai samar da masaku ga kasashe da yawa masu fitar da tufafi a Asiya.

Sabbin 'yan wasa: Indiya, Vietnam da Bangladesh

A cewar WTO, Indiya ita ce ta uku mafi girma a masana'antar kera masaku kuma tana da darajar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje sama da dala biliyan 30.Indiya ce ke da alhakin fiye da kashi 6% na yawan kayan masaku, a duk duniya, kuma ana kimanta ta a kusan dala biliyan 150.

Vietnam ta zarce Taiwan kuma ta kasance ta bakwai a duniya mai fitar da masaku a shekarar 2019 ($8.8bn na fitarwa, sama da kashi 8.3% daga shekarar da ta gabata), karo na farko a tarihi.Canjin ya kuma nuna yunƙurin Vietnam na ci gaba da haɓaka masana'antar yaɗa da tufafi da ƙarfafa ƙarfin samar da masaku na cikin gida yana samun sakamako.

A gefe guda, duk da cewa fitar da tufafi daga Vietnam (sama da 7.7%) da Bangladesh (sama da 2.1%) sun sami ci gaba cikin sauri cikin cikakkiyar sharuɗɗa a cikin 2019, ribar da suka samu a hannun jarin kasuwa ya iyakance (watau, babu wani canji ga Vietnam kuma a ɗan kadan ya tashi. 0.3 kashi dari daga 6.8% zuwa 6.5% na Bangladesh).Wannan sakamakon ya nuna cewa saboda iyakokin iya aiki, babu wata ƙasa da ta fito har yanzu da ta zama "China na gaba."A maimakon haka, gungun kasashen Asiya sun cika hannun jarin da kasar Sin ta yi hasarar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje.

Kasuwar masaku ta sami abin hawan keke cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.Sakamakon koma bayan tattalin arziki na musamman na kasa, lalacewar amfanin gona, da rashin samar da kayayyaki, an sami matsaloli iri-iri da ke hana ci gaban masana'antar masaku.Masana'antar masaka a Amurka ta sami ci gaba sosai a cikin rabin shekaru goma da suka gabata kuma ta karu da kashi 14% a wancan lokacin.Ko da yake aikin bai yi girma sosai ba, ya ƙare, wanda babban bambanci ne daga ƙarshen 2000s lokacin da aka yi manyan layoffs.

Ya zuwa yau, an kiyasta ko'ina tsakanin mutane miliyan 20 zuwa miliyan 60 ke aiki a masana'antar masaku a duniya.Yin aiki a masana'antar tufafi yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Vietnam.Masana'antar tana da kusan kashi 2% na Babban Haɗin Cikin Gida na duniya kuma yana da mafi girman kaso na GDP ga manyan masana'antun duniya da masu fitar da masaku da riguna.

 


Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-02-2022